2020-12-25

What is DeltaCopy

What is DeltaCopy

In general terms, DeltaCopy is an open source, fast incremental backup program. Let's say you have to backup one file that is 500 MB every night. A normal file copy would copy the entire file even if a few bytes have changed. DeltaCopy, on the other hand, would only copy the part of file that has actually been modified. This reduces the data transfer to just a small fraction of 500 MB saving time and network bandwidth.

NOTE: We now offer two solution for using rsync on Windows:We recommend checking both of them to see which works best for you. Click here to see differences.


In technical terms, DeltaCopy is a "Windows Friendly" wrapper around the Rsync program, currently maintained by Wayne Davison. "rsync" is primarily designed for Unix/Linux/BSD systems. Although ports are available for Windows, they typically require downloading Cygwin libraries and manual configuration.

Features

Unlike "rsync", DeltaCopy is a only available for Windows and is tightly integrated with services available only on Microsoft platforms (XP, 2000, 2003, Vista, Windows 7 & 2008). Here is a list of features
  • Incremental backup - Copies part of the file that is actually modified
  • Task scheduler - Profiles in DeltaCopy can run based on a schedule
  • Email notification - Administrators can receive email confirmation on successful as well as failed transfers
  • One-click restore - Backed up files can be easily restored.
  • Windows friendly environment - No need to manually modify configuration files or play around with command line options.

Licensing

DeltaCopy is freely available under GNU Public License version 3 along with source and is currently being maintained by Synametrics Technologies.

System Requirements

  • XP, 2000, 2003, 2008, Vista and Windows 7. We have not tested DeltaCopy on Win9x.
  • 10 MB hard disk
  • 64 MB ram
  • 1 GHz processor or better
NOTE: If you have an "rsync" daemon running on Linux/Unix/BSD or any other platform, DeltaCopy client will successfully connect to them.

How to use it

DeltaCopy is based on a Client/Server model. All necessary binaries are included in the download file.. Designate one machine as Server and other as client and install the program on both of them.

Following steps show how to use DeltaCopy.

To-do task on the server

  • Execute "DeltaCopy Server".
  • When you first run DeltaCopy Server, it will ask you to register the server as Windows Service.
    • DeltaCopy Service


  • After registering the service, click the "Start Server" button to run the program as Windows Service
    • DeltaCopy Service


  • Next, create virtual directories on the server, which is similar to a virtual directory on an FTP or HTTP server.
    • Virtual Directory


To-do task on the client

  • Execute "DeltaCopy Client" on the client machine.
  • Create a new profile. A Profile in DeltaCopy is a group of files that you want to backup together.
    • DeltaCopy Client


  • To add file/folders to a profile, drag them from Windows Explorer on to the listbox or click the add File/Folder buttons.
  • Assign a schedule for the profile. DeltaCopy is integrated with Windows Scheduler. This means that your login account must have enough permission to create Scheduled Tasks on the machine.
    • DeltaCopy Service



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Linux：FTP服务器 vsftpd 的搭建和配置

 

Linux：FTP服务器 vsftpd 的搭建和配置

 2018-11-18 21:46:32  13238  收藏 22
分类专栏： Linux 文章标签： FTP服务器 vsftpd vsftpd配置 LinuxFTP
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本文链接: https://blog.csdn.net/xietansheng/article/details/84145618

vsftpd（Very Secure FTP Daemon）是一个在 Linux/Unix 系统上运行的一款开源免费的 FTP 服务器软件。vsftpd 支持支持 匿名用户、本地用户、虚拟用户 3种登录方式。vsftpd 高速安全，支持带宽限制，支持IPv6，可分配虚拟IP，支持创建虚拟用户。

相关网站:

1. FTP 服务器搭建

1.1 安装 vsftpd（Ubuntu）

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

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查看 vsftpd 是否正在运行并监听 21 端口

netstat -npl | grep :21

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其他 vsftpd 服务管理命令

sudo service vsftpd start             # 启动 vsftpd 服务
sudo service vsftpd stop              # 关闭 vsftpd 服务
sudo service vsftpd restart           # 重新启动 vsftpd 服务
sudo service vsftpd status            # 查看 vsftpd 服务状态

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vsftpd 服务安装完成并启动后，即可直接使用当前 Liunx 系统用户名和密码进行访问:

ftp localhost       # 回车后输入 Linux系统 用户名 和 密码，登录
ls                  # 登录后默认显示的是用户主目录，输入 help 回车查看所有操作命令

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1.2 vsftpd 配置

vsftpd 配置文件路径: /etc/vsftpd.conf

# 先备份原配置文件
sudo cp /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf_backup

# 打开配置文件
sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.conf

# 打开配置文件后, 配置下面的字段, 如果字段被注释, 则打开注释
listen=YES
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES

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配置完成后，sudo service vsftpd restart重启服务，用本地用户（Linux系统标准用户）的 用户名 和 密码 登录FTP。

1.3 限制用户登录 /etc/ftpusers

/etc/ftpusers文件内的用户名禁止登录 FTP，文件内已有的默认禁止的用户名有 root、daemon、bin、sys 等。如果需要禁止某个用户登录，可将用户名添加到该文件（每行一个用户名）。该文件由 PAM 模块的/etc/pam.d/vsftpd配置文件指定:

# Standard behaviour for ftpd(8).
auth	required	pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/ftpusers onerr=succeed

# Note: vsftpd handles anonymous logins on its own. Do not enable pam_ftp.so.

# Standard pam includes
@include common-account
@include common-session
@include common-auth
auth	required	pam_shells.so

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vsftpd 也有自己的限制用户登录的管理机制，详见/etc/vsftpd.conf文件中userlist_file字段介绍。

PS: 如果有本地用户没有在 /etc/ftpusers 文件内，却依然无法登录，打开sudo vim /etc/pam.d/vsftpd，找到下面这句话，注释掉，重启服务，再尝试登录:

#auth	required	pam_shells.so

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1.4 其他 vsftpd 配置字段说明（vsftpd.conf）

#
# 1. 监听相关
#
listen=<YES/NO>                     # YES: 服务以独立运行方式运行; NO: 运行在 xinetd 内。 默认为 YES
listen_address=<ip address>         # 服务监听地址, 如果有多个网卡, 需要将服务绑定到指定 IP 地址
listen_port=<port>                  # 服务监听端口, 默认为 21

#
# 2. 匿名用户相关
#
anonymous_enable=<YES/NO>           # 是否允许匿名用户访问, 默认 NO
anon_mkdir_write_enable=<YES/NO>    # 是否允许匿名用户创建文件夹, 默认 NO
anon_other_write_enable=<YES/NO>    # 是否允许匿名用户其他的写权限, 创建文件、重命名、删除文件等权限（默认为 NO, 基于安全性考虑这个权限一般不打开）
anon_upload_enable=<YES/NO>         # 是否允许匿名用户上传, 默认 NO
anon_umask=<nnn>                    # 匿名用户上传的文件的生成掩码, 默认为077
anon_max_rate=<n>                   # 匿名用户的最大传输速率, 单位为 Byte/s, 值为 0 表示不限制
anon_world_readable_only=<YES/NO>   # 是否允许匿名用户只读浏览

#
# 3. 本地用户(Linux标准系统用户)相关
#
local_enable=<YES/NO>               # 是否支持本地用户帐号访问
write_enable=<YES/NO>               # 是否开放本地用户的写权限
local_umask=<nnn>                   # 本地用户上传的文件的生成掩码, 默认为077
local_max_rate=<n>                  # 本地用户最大的传输速率, 单位为 Byte/s，值为 0 表示不限制
local_root=<file>                   # 本地用户登陆后的目录，默认为 本地用户 的 主目录

chroot_local_user=<YES/NO>          # 本地用户是否可以执行 chroot, 默认为 NO
chroot_list_enable=<YES/NO>         # 是否只有指定的用户才能执行 chroot, 默认为 NO
chroot_list_file=<filename>         # 当 chroot_local_user=NO 且 chroot_list_enable=YES 时,
                                    # 只有 filename 文件内指定的用户（每行一个用户名）可以执行 chroot,
                                    # 默认值为 /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

#
# 4. 本地用户 黑/白名单管理
#
userlist_enable=<YES/NO>    # 是否启用 userlist_file 白/黑名单用户列表, 默认为 NO

userlist_deny=<YES/NO>      # 当 userlist_enable=YES（即启用 userlist_file ）时, 则该字段才有效。
                            # userlist_deny=YES: userlist_file 为 黑名单, 即在该文件内的用户均不可登录, 其他用户可以登录
                            # userlist_deny=NO:  userlist_file 为 白名单, 即在该文件内的用户才可以登录, 其他用户均不可登录

userlist_file=<filename>    # 黑/白名单用户列表文件（每行一个用户名）, 
                            # 是黑名单还是白名单, 根据 userlist_deny 的值决定,
                            # 默认值为 /etc/vsftpd.user_list

#
# 5. 连接相关
#
ftpd_banner=<message>               # 客户端连接服务器后显示的欢迎信息
connect_timeout=<n>                 # 远程客户端响应端口数据连接超时时间, 单位为秒, 默认 60
accept_connection_timeout=<n>       # 空闲的数据连接超时时间, 单位为秒, 默认 120
data_connection_timeout=<n>         # 空闲的用户会话超时时间, 单位为秒, 默认 300
max_clients=<n>                     # 在独立模式运行时, 最大连接数, 0 表示无限制
max_per_ip=<n>                      # 在独立模式运行时, 每 IP 的最大连接数, 0表示无限制

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其他详细配置介绍参考:

2. 守护程序 xinetd

上面所说的 vsftpd 服务均是以比较常用的 standalone 模式独立运行，除此之外还可以以 super daemon 的模式由 xinetd 管理运行。

xinetd 是 Linux 守护进程服务程序，将服务集中管理。许多服务进程只有偶尔才需要用到，为了节省资源，可以交由 xinted 代理监听相应的端口，一旦有请求到达这个端口，先到达 xinted，xinted 根据请求的端口，临时启动相应的服务进程处理请求，响应完成后，xinted 再关闭相应进程，继续监听端口。

  • 使用 super daemon 模式，必须修改/etc/vsftpd.conf中的配置
# 必须改为 NO, 否则连接 FTP 时会报错: 500 OOPS: could not bind listening IPv4 socket
listen=NO

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  • 安装 xinetd
sudo apt-get install xinetd

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  • 配置守护进程
sudo vim /etc/xinetd.conf

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把下面配置添加到文件尾部:

service ftp
{
        socket_type             = stream
        wait                    = no
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/vsftpd
        log_on_success          += DURATION USERID
        log_on_failure          += USERID
        nice                    = 10
        disable                 = no
}

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  • 停止 vsftpd 服务，启动 xinetd 服务
sudo service vsftpd stop
sudo service xinetd restart

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  • 查询端口是否在监听
sudo netstat -npl | grep :21

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3. 访问 FTP

3.1 命令行 FTP 客户端

  • 登录 FTP
ftp [host [port]]       # 例如: ftp 192.168.0.100（默认端口号为21可不填写）

# 输入 用户名
# 输入 密码
# 登录成功进入 FTP 管理界面

ls                      # 查看文件夹下的文件
cd dir                  # 进入文件夹

help                    # 查看更多命令, 大部分命令和 Linux 本地文件管理命令相同

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  • 上传文件
put LocalFile [RemoteFile]          # 不指定 RemoteFile, 则以原文件名保存到当前FTP目录
mput LocalFile [LocalFile ...]      # 上传多个本地文件, 默认以原文件名保存到当前FTP目录

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  • 下载文件
get RemoteFile [LocalFile]          # 不指定 LocalFile, 则以原文件名保存到本地（默认保存到当前工作目录下）
mget RemoteFile [RemoteFile ...]    # 下载多个文件, 默认以原文件名保存到当前本地工作目录

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  • 创建目录、删除目录/文件、重命名
mkdir dir_name                      # 创建文件夹
rmdir dir_name                      # 删除文件夹
delete file                         # 删除文件
rename FromFile ToFile              # 重命名

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3.2 图形界面 FTP 客户端

FTP图形界面客户端，推荐使用 FileZilla，支持 Windows、Linux、MAC 多个平台，免费开源，界面友好，使用简单。

FileZilla 官网: https://filezilla-project.org

4. vsftpd.conf

最后附上 /etc/vsftpd.conf 配置文件的默认原文, 供配置参考（不同版本，不同系统安装后，默认值和默认状态可能不一样）:

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default)
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
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